Aristotle
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Aristotle (384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist, born in Stagira in northern Greece, the son of a court physician to the king of Macedon. At seventeen he went to Athens to study at Plato’s Academy, where he remained for about twenty years. He later tutored the young Alexander the Great, and in 335 BC returned to Athens and founded his own school, the Lyceum. His surviving works, many of them probably lecture notes, range over logic, physics, biology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, rhetoric and poetry, and for centuries defined how these subjects were studied. After Alexander’s death in 323 BC, anti-Macedonian feeling in Athens led him to withdraw to Chalcis, where he died the following year. Medieval scholars, Islamic and Christian alike, referred to him simply as “the Philosopher”.
